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17. Nuclear Physics

Stage B - QPE (upgraded from VQE)

QPE for deuteron binding energy via EFT Hamiltonian. 132k physical qubits, 18 logical. Exponential speedup for nuclear many-body systems.

Algorithm
QPE Deuteron Binding Energy
Logical Qubits
5
Framework
Modern QDK (qsharp 1.27+)

Resource Estimation (Azure Quantum RE)

Physical Qubits
131.9k
Logical Qubits
18
T-Gates
6
Rotations
45
Runtime
3.3ms

Resource Breakdown

Calibration Evidence (20-Run Ensemble)

Mean Value
-1.823
95% CI
± 0.024
Runs
20
Std Dev
0.055

Noise Resilience (Depolarizing Simulation)

Ideal outcome: [One, One] (59% probability)

p = 0.001
96.4%
p = 0.01
97.9%
p = 0.05
83.2%

Cross-Platform Emulator Results (100 shots)

Quantinuum H2-1E
[1, 1]
56% of shots
Rigetti QVM
[1, 1]
52% of shots
✓ Cross-platform agreement: both simulators find the same dominant outcome
H2-1E Distribution
Rigetti QVM Distribution

Troyer Utility-Scale Classification

Quantum Simulation (Native Advantage Potential)
Quantum Speedup
Exponential for nuclear many-body systems
Classical Competitor
Nuclear shell model / lattice QCD
Honest Assessment (Troyer Framework)

Upgraded to QPE for nuclear EFT Hamiltonians. Quantum advantage requires many-body nuclear systems with >20 nucleons where shell model truncation becomes severe. QPE provides the exponential speedup path for naturally quantum nuclear forces.

Multi-Model Resource Comparison

Physical qubit requirements across 6 qubit technologies × 2 QEC schemes (inspired by Troyer Architecture Series, Part 3).

■ Gate-based + Surface (blue)■ Majorana + Surface (green)■ Majorana + Floquet (light green)
Qubit ModelQECPhysical QubitsLogical Qubits
Trapped Ion (μs, 1e-4)surface_code70012
Trapped Ion (μs, 1e-3)surface_code3,38812
Majorana (ns, 1e-6)surface_code7,41612
Superconducting (ns, 1e-4)surface_code18,60012
Majorana (ns, 1e-6) (Floquet)floquet_code24,54412
Superconducting (ns, 1e-3)surface_code177,14412
Majorana (ns, 1e-4)surface_code547,94412
Majorana (ns, 1e-4) (Floquet)floquet_code700,46412

Problem Documentation

Problem 17 · Quantum Nuclear Physics

Overview

Simulating few-nucleon systems requires capturing strong-interaction dynamics governed by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This scaffold provides a reproducible classical baseline using a pionless effective-field-theory (EFT) toy Hamiltonian solved via exact diagonalization, while preparing a Q# project for future adiabatic state preparation and Trotterized time evolution. The goal is to compare classical bound-state energy estimates with quantum-inspired workflows.

Directory Layout


17_nuclear_physics/
├── estimates/                        # JSON artifacts from classical / quantum workflows
├── instances/                        # EFT coupling grids and cutoff parameters
├── plots/                            # Generated figures from analyze.py
├── python/
│   ├── classical_baseline.py         # Few-body EFT Hamiltonian builder + diagonalization
│   └── analyze.py                    # Visualization of binding energies and scattering lengths
└── qsharp/
    ├── qsharp.json            # Modern QDK project file
    └── Program.qs                    # Stubbed quantum workflow

Quick Start


cd problems/17_nuclear_physics

# Classical EFT baseline
python python/classical_baseline.py

# Plot binding energies and coupling trends
python python/analyze.py

# Quantum placeholder (uses modern QDK  qsharp Python package)
python -c "import qsharp; qsharp.init(project_root='qsharp'); print('Build OK')"
 python tooling/run_all_qsharp.py  # runs via qsharp Python package

Next Quantum Milestones

1. Hamiltonian Encoding – Map low-energy nucleon interactions into qubit-friendly operators.

2. Adiabatic State Prep – Implement adiabatic ramps or variational ansätze for ground-state estimation.

3. Phase Estimation / Spectroscopy – Use quantum phase estimation to extract binding energies.

4. Resource Estimation – Track qubit counts and Trotter step complexity across cutoff scales.

This scaffold keeps the EFT baseline reproducible while we work toward quantum-enhanced nuclear simulations. ⚛️🪐

Objective Maturity Gate

  • **Current gate**: **Stage B complete** (classical baseline and Q# scaffold/build path are in place).
  • **Next gate target**: **Stage C** (hardware-aware validation with uncertainty-bounded comparisons).

Stage C exit criteria for this problem:

  • Execute at least one non-placeholder quantum workflow path tied to the problem objective.
  • Report uncertainty-bounded comparisons between classical and quantum outputs on `small` and `medium` instances.
  • Document transpilation/connectivity and backend assumptions used for reported quantum runs.
  • Add calibration/noise-sensitivity evidence for the reported quantum metrics.

DiVincenzo Readiness (Stage C/D Overlay)

| Criterion | Status | Evidence / Notes |

|---|---|---|

| Scalable qubit system | partial | Problem-scoped instance baselines are in place; full hardware-scale projections are tracked as Stage C work. |

| Initialization | partial | Input/state initialization path is defined for current workflows, with backend-ready loading fidelity still to be hardened. |

| Coherence vs gate time | not-yet | Backend-calibrated coherence-vs-depth evidence is pending and required for Stage C/D promotion. |

| Universal gate set | partial | Q# scaffold/build path exists; gate-basis decomposition and transpilation evidence remain Stage C tasks. |

| Qubit-specific measurement | partial | Measurement outputs are defined for current validation flows; hardware readout characterization is pending. |

Advantage Claim Contract

  • **Claim category (current)**: `theoretical`.
  • **Problem class and regime**: Problem-specific challenge instances defined in this directory.
  • **Fair baseline**: Problem-local classical baseline in `python/` outputs.
  • **Quantum resource scaling claim**: Expected asymptotic advantage depends on algorithm family and implementation assumptions; no hardware-demonstrated speedup claim yet.
  • **Data-loading and I/O assumptions**: Must be documented alongside future advantage claims.
  • **Noise/error model assumptions**: Backend-specific model and calibration assumptions to be added at Stage C.
  • **Confidence/uncertainty method**: To be reported using shot-based confidence intervals or equivalent statistical bounds.
  • **Residual risks**: Oracle/state-preparation/transpilation overhead may dominate for near-term instance sizes.

Reproduce It

cd problems/17_nuclear_physics make classical # Run classical baseline make analyze # Generate plots make build # Validate Q# compilation make run # Run Q# entry point

Key Files

  • qsharp/src/Main.qs Quantum algorithm implementation
  • qsharp/HardwareKernel.qs Azure-submittable QIR kernel
  • python/classical_baseline.py Classical reference implementation
  • estimates/classical_baseline.json Baseline metrics
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